Abstract
Chitosan entrapped ENR-50 (CTS-t-ENR) biocomposites developed were studiedfor the absorption and desorption of 2-naphthol in aqueous media. Biocomposites comprising chitosan (CTS) immobilized or trapped in a partially crosslinked ENR (designated as CTS-t-ENR) was prepared by homogenising CTS in ENR-50 latex with curative agents in the presence of acetic acid. It was found that absorption increased with the increase in the initial 2-naphthol concentrations. Chitosan powder was found to be a poor absorbent compared CTS-t-ENR biocomposites. Desorption studyrevealed that the 2-naphthol diffusedslowly in water. The biocomposites exhibited a good slow-release properties and this was proven by the kinetic studyusing zero order, firsorder, Higuchi equation and Kosmeyer Peppas equation. Thus, these biocomposites with a good controlled release and swelling properties could be very useful in agricultural application.
References
Abdelmouleh, M. et al. 2007, ‘Short natural-fibrereinforced polyethylene and natural rubber composites: Effct of silane coupling agents and fibres loading’, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 67, no. 7–8, pp. 1627–1639.
Anancharungsuk, W. et al. 2007, ‘Surface modificationof natural rubber filmby UV-induced graft copolymerization with methyl methacrylate’, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 2270–2276.
Arayapranee, W & Rempel, GL 2007, ‘Properties of NR / EPDM blends with or without methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) as a Compatibilizer’, International Journal of Materials & Structural Reliability, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–12.
Arroyo, M. et al. 2007, ‘Morphology/behaviour relationship of nanocomposites based on natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends’, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 67, no. 7–8, pp. 1330–1339.
Benbettaïeb, N. et al. 2016, ‘Tuning the functional properties of polysaccharide–protein bio-based edible filmsby chemical, enzymatic, and physical cross-linking’, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 739–752.
Chandra, R, Singh, S & Gupta, K 1999, ‘Damping studies in fibe-reinforced composites – a review’, Composite Structures, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 41–51.
De, D. et al. 2013, ‘Reinforcing effec of reclaim rubber on natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber blends’, Materials and Design. Elsevier Ltd, vol. 46, pp. 142–150.
Díaz, A, Katsarava, R & Puiggalí, J 2014, ‘Synthesis, properties and applications of biodegradable polymers derived from diols and dicarboxylic Acids: From Polyesters to poly(ester amide)s’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 7064–7123.
uo, B. et al. 2004, ‘Thermoplastic elastomers derived from scrap rubber powder/LLDPE blend with LLDPE-graft-(epoxidized natural rubber) dual compatibilizer’, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol. 289, no. 4, pp. 360–367.
Gurunathan, T, Mohanty, S & Nayak, SK 2015, ‘A review of the recent developments in biocomposites based on natural fibresand their application perspectives’, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. Elsevier Ltd, vol. 77, pp. 1–25.
Imbernon, L & Norvez, S 2016, ‘From landfiling to vitrimer chemistry in rubber life cycle’, European Polymer Journal, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 82, pp. 347–376.
Ismail, H & Nordin, RNA 2002, ‘The comparison properties of recycle rubber powder, carbon black, and calcium carbonate fillednatural rubber compounds’, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 847–867.
Khimi, SR & Pickering, KL 2015, ‘Comparison of dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers with existing antivibration rubbers’, Composites Part B: Engineering, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 83, pp. 175–183.
Kochthongrasamee, T, Prasassarakich, P & Kiatkamjornwong, S 2006, ‘Effects of redox initiator on graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto natural rubber’, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 2587–2601.
Mammadov, MS et al. 2012, ‘Study of the structure and parameters of grid of hydrogenated butadiene nitrile rubber crosslinked with polymer peroxides’, American Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 122–128.
Mas Haris, RHM & Raju, G 2014, ‘Preparation and characterization of biopolymers comprising chitosan-grafted-ENR via acid-induced reaction of ENR 50 with chitosan’, Express Polymer Letters, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 85–94.
Mitragotri, S and Lahann, J 2009, ‘Physical approaches to biomaterial design’, Nature Materials, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 15–23.
Notario, B, Pinto, J & Rodriguez-Perez, MA 2016 ‘Nanoporous polymeric materials: A new class of materials with enhanced properties’, Progress in Materials Science, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 78–79, pp. 93–139.
Pal, KV & Panwar, JB 2017, ‘Rubber blend nanocomposites’, in Progress in Rubber Nanocomposites, 1st edn, eds S Thomas & H. J. Maria, Woodhead Publishing.Phinyocheep, P 2014, ‘Chemical modificationof natural rubber (NR) for improved performance’, in Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber, Woodhead publishing, pp. 68–118.
Park, CY 2001, ‘Cure characteristics and dynamic mechanical properties of acrylic rubber and epoxidized natural rubber blend’, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 212–217.
Pedernera, M & Sarmoria, C 1999, ‘An improved kinetic model for the peroxide initiated modification of polyethylene’, Polymer Engineering, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 2085–2095.
Piya-Areetham, P, Rempel, GL & Prasassarakich, P 2014, ‘Hydrogenated nanosized polyisoprene as a thermal and ozone stabilizer for natural rubber blends’, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 112–121.
Rajasekar, R. et al. 2009, ‘Development of nitrile butadiene rubber-nanoclay composites with epoxidized natural rubber as compatibilizer’, Materials and Design, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 3839–3845.
Ramesh, M 2016, ‘Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibr based bio-materials: A review on processing and properties’, Progress in Materials Science, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 78–79, pp. 1–92.