Keywords
pseudo-ternary phase diagram
Carbopol® ultrez 20 copolymer
particle size
Abstract
onic liquids (ILs) can enhance topical and transdermal delivery, as well as increase the solubility of sparingly soluble drugs. In the present work, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of emulsions were composed of a mixture of non-ionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80®) and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80®) in weight fraction: 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 2:3, LabrafacTM Lipophile WL 1349 as an oil phase and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [(HMIM) (Cl)] as a continuous phase. Emulsion formulations were selected with 10% surfactants from the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and further prepared at 298.2 ± 0.1 K. Acoustic emulsificationmethod was used to prepare nanoemulsions that were mixed with freshly prepared hydrocolloid gum. The area of the single-phase zone in pseudo-ternary phase diagrams that varied with Tween 80® /Span 80® ratio in the order of 2:1 > 1:1 > 2:3 > 1:2 where Span 80® was replaced by an equivalent weight of Tween 80® to form IL-based nanoemulsions. [HMIM] [Cl] tended to create a two-phase system. Addition of carbopol® ultrez 20 copolymer into the continuous phase of the formulations gave single-phase nanoemulsions with good stability. The mixture of surfactants with weight ratio of 1:2 (Tween 80®/Span 80®) showed a good stability with the smallest particle size and greater surface charges in the system. These ionic liquid-based nanoemulsions might have the potential in drug delivery systems.References
Bataller, H, Lamaallam, S, Lachaise, J, Graciaa, A & Dicharry, C 2004, ‘Cutting fluidemulsions produced by dilution of a cutting fluidconcentrate containing a cationic/nonionic surfactant mixture’, J. Mater Process Technol., vol. 152, pp. 215–220.
Behera, K, Dahiya, P & Pandey, S 2007, ‘Effect of added ionic liquid on aqueous triton X-100 micelles’, J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 307, pp. 235–245.
Behera, K, Malek, NI & Pandey, S 2009, ‘Visual evidence for formation of water-in-ionic liquid microemulsions’, Chem. Phys. Chem., vol. 10, pp. 3204–3208.
Chakrabarty, D, Seth, D, Chakraborty, A & Sankar, N 2005, ‘Dynamics of solvation and rotational relaxation of Coumarin 153 in ionic liquid confined nanometer-sized microemulsions’, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 109, pp. 5753–5758.
Cheng, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z & Han, B 2007, ‘Novel microemulsions: ionic liquid-in-ionic liquid’, Chem. Commun., vol. 24, pp. 2497–2499.
Eastoe, J, Gold, S, Rogers, SE, Paul, A, Welton, T, Heenan, RK & Grillo, I 2005, ‘Ionic liquid-in-oil microemulsions’, J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 127, pp. 7302.
Gao, H, Li, J, Han, B, Chen, W, Zhang, J, Zhang, R & Yan, D 2004, ‘Microemulsions with ionic liquid polar domains’, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 6, pp. 2914–2916.
Gao, YA, Li, N, Zheng, LQ, Zhao, XY, Zhang, SH, Han, BX, Hou, WG &, Li, GZ 2006, ‘A cyclic voltammetric technique for the detection of micro-regions of bmimPF6/Tween 20/H2O microemulsions and their performance characterization by UV-Vis spectroscopy’, Green. Chem., vol. 8, pp. 43–49.Gao,
YA, Zhang, J, Xu, HY, Zhao, XY, Zheng, LQ, Li, XW & Yu, L 2006, ‘Structural studies of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborateTX-100/ p-xylene ionic liquid microemulsions’, Chem. Phys. Chem., vol. 7, pp. 1554.
Gao, Y, Li, N, Zheng, L, Zhao, X, Zhang, J, Cao, Q, Zhao, M, Li, Z & Zhang, G 2007, ‘The effect of water on the microstructure of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/TX-100/benzene ionic liquid microemulsions’, Chem. Eur. J., vol. 13, pp. 2661–2670.
Gao, YA, Li, N, Zheng, LQ, Bai, XT, Yu, L, Zhao, XY, Zhang, J, Zhao, MW & Li, Z 2007, ‘Role of solubilized water in the reverse ionic liquid microemulsion of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/TX-100/benzene’, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 111, pp. 2506–2513.
Govind, RV, Ghosh, S, Ghatak, C, Mandal, S, Brahmachari, U & Sarkar, N 2012, ‘Designing a new strategy for the formation of IL-in-oil microemulsions’, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 116, pp. 2850–2855.
Harrar, A, Zech, O, Hartl, R, Bauduin, P, Zemb, T & Kunz, W 2011, ‘[emim][etSO4] as the polar phase in low-temperature-stable microemulsions’, Langmuir, vol. 27, pp. 1635–1642.
Jaitely, V, Karatas, A & Florence, AT 2008, ‘Water-immiscible room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) as drug reservoirs for controlled release’, Int. J. Pharm., vol. 354, pp. 168–173.
Kunieda, H, Nakano, A & Akimaru, M 1995, ‘The effect of mixing of surfactants on solubilization in a microemulsion system’, J. Colloid Interface. Sci., vol. 170, pp. 78−84.
Kuznesof, PM & Whitehouse, DB 2005, ‘Beeswax’, in Chemical and Technical Assessment 65th JECFA.
Lamaallam, S, Bataller, H, Dicharry, C & Lachaise, J 2005, ‘Formation and stability of miniemulsions produced by dispersion of water/oil/surfactants concentrates in a large amount of water’, Colloid. Surf. A, Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 270, pp. 44–51.
Leiberman, HA, Reiger, MM & Banker, GS 1989, Pharmaceutical dosage forms: disperse systems, Mercel Dekker, NY.
Liu, W, Sun, P, Li, C & Liu, Q, Xu, J 2006, ‘Formation and stability of paraffinoil-in-water nano-emulsions prepared by the emulsion inversion point method’, J. Colloid. Interface Sci., vol. 303, pp. 557–563.
Lu, D & Rhodes, DG 2000, ‘Mixed composition filmsof Spans and Tween 80® at the air-water interface’, Langmuir, vol. 16, pp. 8107–8112.
McClements, DJ 1999, Emulsion rheology in food emulsion: principles, practice and techniques, Boca Raton, CRC Press, FL.
Mizuuchi, H, Jaitely, V, Murdan, S & Florence, AT 2008, ‘Room temperature ionic liquids and their mixtures: potential pharmaceutical solvents’, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 33, pp. 326–331.
Moniruzzaman, M, Tamura, M, Tahara, Y, Kamiya, N & Goto, M 2010, ‘Ionic liquid-in-oil microemulsion as a potential carrier of sparingly soluble drug: characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation’, Int. J. Pharm., vol. 400, pp. 243–250.
Pernak, J, Sobaszkiewicz, K & Mirska, I 2003, ‘Anti-microbial activities of ionic liquids’, Green Chem., vol. 5, pp. 52–56.
Pillai, V & Shah, DO 1996, Dynamic properties of interfaces and association structures, AOCS Press, Illinois. 38–43.
Porras, M, Solans, C, Gonzalez, C & Gutierrez, JM 2008, ‘Properties of water-in-oil (W/O) nano-emulsions prepared by low-energy emulsificationmethod’, Colloids Surf. A, vol. 324, pp. 181–188.
Qiu, Z & Texter, J 2008, ‘Ionic liquids in microemulsions’, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 13, pp. 252.
Smirnova, NA, Vanin, AA, Safonova, EA, Pukinsky, IB, Anufrikov, YA & Makarov, AL 2009, ‘Self-assembly in aqueous solutions of imidazolium ionic liquids and their mixtures with an anionic surfactant’, J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 336, pp. 793–802.
Solans, C, Esquena, J, Forgiarini, AM, Morales, D, Izquierdo, P, Azemar, N & Garcia-Celma, MJ 2003, ‘Nanoemulsions: formation, properties and applications’, Surfactant Science Series, vol. 109, pp. 525–554.
Zech, D, Thomaier, S, Bauduin, P, Ruck, T, Touraud, D & Kunz, W 2009, ‘Microemulsions with an ionic liquid surfactant and room temperature ionic liquids as polar pseudo-phase’, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 113, pp. 465–473.
Zech, O, Thomaier, S, Kolodziejskl, A, Touraud, D, Grillo, I & Kunz, W 2010, ‘Ionic liquids in microemulsions ― a concept to extend the conventional thermal stability range of microemulsions’, Chem. Eur. J., vol. 16, pp. 783–786.
Zech, O & Kunz, W 2011, ‘Conditions for and characteristics of non-aqueous micellar solutions and micro-emulsions with ionic liquids’, Soft Matter, vol. 7, pp. 5507–5513.
Zhang, J, Han, B, Li, J, Zhao, Y & Yang, G 2011, ‘Carbon dioxide in ionic liquid microemulsions’, Angew Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 50, pp. 9911–9915.